The 20^th Report presented an objective of carbon peaking and neutralization. Energy structural adjustment is a vital means to reach carbon neutralization. This paper, based on their symbiosis of carbon emission and economic growth, incorporates economic quality development into carbon neutralization objective. In terms of their 2017 inputs/outputs of three province and one city in Yangtze River delta, this paper establishes a regional macro- and microscopic SAM table and CGE model, and sets up a macroscopic economic closed system, which are used to study the impacts and variance of energy structural adjustment on Yangtze River delta’s economy. As energy structural transformation advances, its economic impacts vary. In Jiangsu province, when clean energy has been replaced at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, the economic impacts of multiple indicators gain a biggest loss at 5%, loss at 10% less than at 5% and 15%. Economic dependance on fossil fuels varies with location, less in Anhui and Shanghai, then Jiangsu, and Zhejiang receives the biggest impacts. Economic impacts waves as energy structural adjustment moves forward. When Jiangsu’s clean energy is replaced at 10%, economic impacts of most indicators from agricultural, manufacturing, servicing, GDP and governmental income are less than when clean energy is replaced at 5% and at 15%. Energy structural adjustment is a critical approach to carbon neutralization in Yangtze River delta and even nationwide.

This paper, based on a case study on pollution industries of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (JJJ), selects pollution density index, economic position index, middle demand rate, middle input rate, influence coefficient and response coefficient from pollution intensity, economic position in JJJ and correlation with other industries to set up this feasibility evaluation system via the improved TOPSIS, which is used to study the statistic data of JJJ's ten pollution industries. Results show the economic position and correlation with other industries determines whether the industry can be transferred. Four probable pollution industries may be transferred in JJJ, i.e. textile industry, metallic mining, petroleum, coking and nuclear fuel processing, and food & tobacco industry. This paper presents suggestions on this transfer.

supervising law enforcement, and protecting resource environment. 

This paper clarifies the concept and nature of mining rights, analyzes its legal essence, discusses its issues and presents suggestions on revising mining rights in Mineral Resources Law. Mining rights system is an “administrative license plus contract” under the governmental supervision, but deficiencies emerge as reform goes forward and economy develops, with many contents lagging behind marketing reform, leading to insufficient market competition, hardly guaranteed legal rights, confused contracts, and unreachable contract effectiveness. This paper presents proposals on differentiating state ownership and managing rights of mineral resources, separating rights registry and license approval, cancelling mining rights transfer approval and making a competitive bidding of mining rights. 

This paper introduces the global germanium reserve, distribution, supply, demand and price, uses end consumption to forecast the worlds and Chinas germanium supply and demand from 2016—2018, and presents suggestions for germanium investors. Germanium is mainly coexisting with leadzinc deposit, limited by leadzinc production. Its production cannot be largely increased. The future market will maintain a rising trend. Optic fiber may become a major increment point for Germanium. Driven by military and civil markets, infrared optics is also rising. As aviation and solar panel develops, germanium for solar batter will be in great demand. Its price will be climbing up when demand exceeds supply. This paper presents suggestions in protecting germanium resource, making rational profits in processing. Investors shall pay attention to germanium infrared market in the short term and to solar panel in the long term.

Vanadium as a vital nonferrous metal is widely used in mainly industrial domains. China

This paper, based on China's lithium resource development actuality, analyzes its issues, and presents suggestions for its sustainable development. Chinas lithium resources are mostly concentrated in Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. The major types are rock type and brine type. As brine lithium has been developed in recent years, China has been a lithium resource country. Due to many factors, China has a poor development extent and is highly dependent upon imported lithium.China is also the biggest lithium consumer. Issues in China's lithium industry include poor technology, irrational industrial structure, poor development extent of brine lithium, low recovery in processing and recycling, environmental pollution. This paper presents suggestions on adjusting policies, optimizing industrial structure, intensifying cooperation among companies, establishing industrial association, boosting production technology, increasing recovery and focusing on environmental protection.

This paper, based on a questionnaire carried out in some national green mines and their communities, analyzes the influence of mining on local environment and community, mines cultural construction, and the responsibilities of government, mines and communities. It concludes that the actuality of mine development is better than public opinions. Respect of local communitys rights and responsibility is the key to harmonious mine. Mines should change operational ideas to improve mines development actuality. Local community that shall not stand aside gets to know its rights and cooperate with mines, actively participating in mines project decision and sharing risks together with mines. Mines shall pay more attention to communitys position in mining activities, and invite local community to be participant and decision makers, which is the path to the integration of resource, ecological, economic and social benefits.

China's molybdenum reserve and production ranks top in the world, but not strong in this industry. This paper, based on China's molybdenum deposits types and distribution, details the development and use situation and analyzes its market demand and supply. Issues are existing in China's molybdenum industry, including limited resource guarantee years, poor processing technology, irrational industrial structure, environmental pollution, etc. In order to promote the sustainable development of China molybdenum resource, this paper presents suggestions in implementing rational mining strategy, intensifying the recycling molybdenum, focusing on talents training and education, improving processing technology, optimizing industrial structure and boosting environmental protection.

Appalachian basin which is located in the North-eastern US is the origin of America's petroleum industry, and also one of major basins for shale-gas exploration. The Devonian Marcellus shale-gas becomes the biggest shale-gas reservoir in the North America, so it is the target for North America's oil companies. This paper analyzes its sedimentary and structural evolution, oil-gas geology, and focuses on Oiho, Marcellus and Utica zones in their reservoir formation from shale thickness, organic types and concentration, maturity, porosity, and fissures, and evaluates their potential for future exploration and development.

This paper, based on the advances of mineral resources evaluation index, establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system for Qarhan salt lake including social and economic developing level, resource and environmental protection, resources development and use level and intelligence supporting level. Case study is applied by multiple fussy comprehensive method on Qarhan salt lake. The result indicates that its sustainable development and use level is between traditional to weak sustainability during 2000 to 2005, and between weak to preliminary during 2010, which is consistent with Qarhan salt lakes situation and verifies the validation and operation of the established index system.

Classification of crude oil families can be used to determine the relation with the source rock and to indicate the oil source,and also provides key information for exploration and resources assessment.This paper uses GC-MS to analyze the Paleozoic oil seepage and solid bitumen samples from the southern Guizhou Depression in their biological markers,and studies their characteristics of geochemistry and carbon isotope.Two families are classified,belonging to Ordovician and Silurian/Permian respectively.They are different in DBT/P,C21TT/C23TT,C24FT/C26TT,C30diaH/C30H,C27-C28-C29 sterane distribution and stable carbon isotope,which is contributed by different sources,combined with geological settings.The Ordovician and Silurian oil seepage and bitumen is identical with the lower Cambrian source rock in geochemistry,but the Permian samples may come from the lower Permian source rock or mixture.

This paper,based on adistribution of China’s cobalt resources,studies the supply-demand situation of cobalt market,and presents issues in China’s cobalt industry,such as short of cobalt resource,largely dependence on exporting,and high production cost,irrational coal industrial structure,and alow recycling rate,which are,if well resolved,key to keep a sustainable development.This paper proposes to fulfill the world cobalt and oceanic cobalt resources,to research effective metallurgy,to promote industrial reform,and to fully recycle cobalt resources,aiming at providing references to the sustainable development of China’s cobalt industry.

As geoparks develop quickly,their management becomes a key point,it is of significance to forecast their annual environmental capacity.This paper,based on related references on environmental capacity,uses linear and planar quantity mode to study Qingshuihe’s Laoniuwan geopark,Inner Mongolia from spatial environment,ecology,economy and psychology capacity,and concludes that a daily capacity is 1385 persons in boom season,554 in other season,with a total annual capacity up to 263150 based on the Cannikin law.The bottleneck of Loaniuwan geopark comes from its spatial capacity.This paper presents suggestions to provide references for the sustainable development of Laoniuwan geopark.

 According to USGS and some websites data,it generally shows a good status in China’s silver resource development and utilization with silver reserve ranking ahead and production ranking top in the world. China is a big country for silver, but there are issues during silver development and utilization, such as less guarantee in silver resource, irrational silver industrial structure, low metallurgical technology and low recovery rate. China shall optimize industrial policies and structures, carry out a protective mining, raise resources utilization rate and promote a sustainable development.

Recently, as electronics and automobile industries go fast, China^,s tin production has been over operated. Since 2004, China, holding a share of less than 30% tin resource globally, has contributed 40%, leading to a falling in tin reserve. China^,s tin industry is facing many issues, poor comprehensive use, low recycling use, irrational industrial structure, and direct export of raw materials, etc. This paper compares the tin production with other countries, suggests on governmental macroscopic controls, exploration investment, exploring overseas, tin production consolidation, recycling industrial mode, optimizing industrial chains, detailing export items, so as to guarantee China^,s sustainable development of tin production.

The global oil price changes dramatically and the economy gets into downturn. China has accumulated 1.9 trillion USD as foreign exchange reserve after thirty-year's reform. It is a key point to face the crisis to have a stable energy strategy. China will be in an advantageous position in the world and will become an important player in the global economy. In the future thirty years, China will enter into industrialization age and welfare society, which necessitates a stable, economical, clean, reliable and safe energy strategy. The sustainable development, however, requires a less dependence on the energy.

Since 2002, the global mining acquisition has been surging. Recently, big groups and transnational companies prefer the merger and acquisition, which integrates the resources, but monopolizes the market. Following a sharp rise and fall in iron ores, China as the biggest importer of iron ores, shall make an appropriate strategy for iron ores.

Gold production and consumption in China is increasing recently. Gold industry is stepping into group’s operation and sizable management. This paper, based on current status of Chinese gold producers, gold production, price and consumption, analyzes the gold industrial structure and presents a strategy for Chinese gold industry.